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羊群效应
管理员 / 2015-05-19

羊群(集体)是一种很散乱的组织,平时在一起也是盲目地左冲右撞。如果一头羊发现了一片肥沃的绿草地,并在那里吃到了新鲜的青草,后来的羊群就会一哄而上,争抢那里的青草,全然不顾旁边虎视眈眈的狼,或者看不到其它还有更好的青草。事实上羊群效应就是一种跟风行为,它表现了人类共有的一种从众心理。这种从众心理很容易导致自我盲从,而盲从往往会陷入骗局或遭到失败。

法国科学家亨利·法布尔曾做过一个松毛虫实验:他把若干松毛虫放在一只花盆的边缘,使其首尾相接成一圈,然后在花盆的不远处撒了一些松毛虫喜欢吃的松叶。一连七天七夜,都未曾有一只松毛虫吃到松叶。相反,它们一直一个跟一个绕着花盆一圈又一圈地走,直到饥饿劳累而死。也许动物世界的故事看起来多少有些讽刺,但是人类何尝又不是如此。就以前阵子的热火的股市来说,有多少人跟风入股现在却被牢牢套住的?

根据社会心理学家的研究发现,产生从众心理的最重要的因素是有多少人坚持某一条意见,而非这个意见本身人数多无疑表达了一种说服力,相信很少有人还会在众口一词的情况下仍然坚持自己的不同意见。

群众的眼睛是雪亮的”、“木秀于林,风必摧之”、“出头的椽子先烂”这些教条紧紧束缚了我们的行动。20世纪末期,网络经济一路飙升,“.com”公司遍地开花,所有的投资家都在跑马圈地卖概念,IT业的CEO们在比赛烧钱,烧多少,股票就能涨多少,于是,越来越多的人义无反顾地往前冲。2001年,一朝泡沫破灭,浮华尽散,大家这才发现在狂热的市场气氛下,获利的只是领头羊,其余跟风的都成了牺牲者。传媒经常充当羊群效应的煽动者,一条传闻经过报纸就会成为公认的事实,一个观点借助电视就能变成民意。游行示威、大选造势、镇压异己等政治权术无不是在借助羊群效应


羊群效应告诉我们:对他人的信息不可全信也不可不信,凡事要有自己的判断,出奇能制胜,但跟随者也有后发优势,常法无定法!

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