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心理障碍
管理员 / 2015-05-19

心理障碍是指一个人由于生理、心理或社会原因而导致的各种异常心理过程、异常人格特征的异常行为方式,是一个人表现为没有能力按照社会认可的适宜方式行动,以致其行为的后果对本人和社会都是不适应的。

在临床上,常采用“心理病理学”的概念,将范围广泛的心理异常或行为异常统称为“心理障碍”,或称为异常行为。

在特定情境和特定时段由不良刺激引起的心理异常现象,属于正常心理活动中暂时性的局部异常状态。

一、它既可以包括轻微的心理问题,例如,当人们遭遇重大挫折或面临重大抉择时会表现出情绪焦虑、恐惧或者抑郁,有的表现为遭受挫折后的沮丧、亲人死亡后的悲伤、人际关系紧张引起的烦恼、退缩、自暴自弃,或者表现愤怒甚至冲动报复。往往是过度应用防卫机制来自我保护,且表现出一系列适应不良的行为。

二、也包括比较严重的心理活动紊乱,例如,由各种躯体疾病和各种物质(成瘾物质、某些药物或毒物)引起的继发性精神障碍,以及尚不知道的原因原发性精神障碍,例如,精神分裂症、心境障碍、焦虑障碍等。

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