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异装癖
管理员 / 2015-05-11

异性装扮癖的特征是穿着异性服装而得到性的满足。可以从有时穿戴一、二件,直至完全的装饰打扮。有些异装者为女性化的同性恋者或易性别癖。异性恋性异装癖仅见于男性,几乎所有异装的女性都是女同性恋者或改变性别症。其患病率未见报道。

一、病因

研究发现患者性染色体或性激素并无异常。个别报道有颞叶脑电异常,但仅见于极少数病例。最合理的解释还是恋物癖中所作的解释:正常的性发育受到阻碍而又加上条件性的学习。

二、症状

CCMD-2-R有关异性装扮癖的诊断标准为:①符合性变态的诊断标准;②成年人穿着异性服装,不是由于特殊文化背景与社会流行风尚所致,纯属个体特殊行为,主要是为获得性的兴奋;③反复出现此种行为半年以上,行为受到强烈欲望所驱使,行为的抑制可引起明显不安情绪;④除异性装扮外,不要求改变自身性别解剖生理特征,否则诊断为性别变换癖。同性恋者异性装扮的目的是吸引同性对象,其异性装扮本身不引起性兴奋者,亦不属此诊断。

三、治疗

Rosen(1979)报道心理分析治疗,Marks与Gelder(1967)报道厌恶疗法,治疗应根据不同情况进行,异性恋性异装癖者通过反复精神治疗增强其克制能力。
运用厌恶疗法进行治疗时,厌恶性刺激应该达到足够强度,通过刺激确能使求治者产生痛苦或厌恶反应,持续的时间为直到不良行为消失为止。如强迫观念患者,用拉弹橡皮圈法进行治疗,头几天,当强迫观念出现时要接连拉弹30~50次,才能使症状消失。另外,要求求治者要有信心,主动配合,当治疗有进步时要及时鼓励,必要时最好取得其家人的配合,这样效果会更好。

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